Ver el diagnóstico puede asustar: prediabetes, pero no tiene por qué ser inevitable.
La diabetes no tiene por qué ser inevitable. Aunque 1 de cada 3 adultos estadounidenses tiene un diagnóstico de prediabetes (un nivel de azúcar en sangre superior al normal, pero no lo suficientemente alto como para denominarlo diabetes), no todos desarrollan una diabetes en toda regla. Ese es el objetivo: prevenirla o retrasarla; la diabetes conlleva una serie de problemas (problemas de retina o nervios y riesgos cardiacos, entre otros).
¿Cuál es la clave para cambiar la prediabetes? Estilo de vida. Estilo de vida. Estilo de vida. ¿Cuál es la buena noticia? Un estudio de reversión de la prediabetes descubrió que la mejora del estilo de vida es más eficaz que los medicamentos para revertir la prediabetes. Una revisión de la investigación acaba de confirmarlo de nuevo.
Un médico que lo sabe bien es Sam Dagogo-Jack, MD, DSC, MBA, profesor de medicina y jefe de endocrinología, diabetes y metabolismo del Centro de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Tennessee, en Memphis. Fue investigador principal en uno de los 27 centros creados en EE. UU. entre 1996 y 2001 para el Programa de Prevención de la Diabetes (DPP) y sigue estudiando las pruebas para revertir la prediabetes. Tras el estudio original se realizó un estudio de seguimiento, denominado Estudio de Resultados del DPP.
El estudio histórico: pruebas
El Estudio DPP analizó si seguir el programa de mejora del estilo de vida prescrito o tomar metformina, un medicamento para tratar los niveles elevados de azúcar en sangre en los diabéticos, retrasaría o prevendría la diabetes tipo 2, y cómo se comparaba con tomar simplemente un placebo (pastilla sin medicamento).
Al cabo de tres años, los participantes en el grupo de cambio de estilo de vida redujeron sus probabilidades de padecer diabetes de tipo 2 en un 58%
Se inscribieron más de 3.200, y el 45% pertenecía a grupos minoritarios (afroamericanos, nativos de Alaska, indios americanos, asiáticos americanos, hispanos/latinos o isleños del Pacífico) con alto riesgo de diabetes. Al cabo de tres años, los del grupo de cambio de estilo de vida redujeron sus probabilidades de contraer diabetes tipo 2 en cerca de un 58% en comparación con los que tomaron placebo. Los mayores de 60 años redujeron su riesgo aún más, en un 71%.
Los que tomaron metformina redujeron sus probabilidades en un 31% en comparación con los que tomaron placebo.
Como dijo el Dr. Dagogo-Jack: “las proporciones son aproximadamente de 2 a 1”, a favor del estilo de vida frente a la medicina.
A medida que avanzaba el estudio, alrededor del 5% de los que cambiaban su estilo de vida contraían diabetes cada año, pero lo hacía el 11% de los que tomaban placebo.
En una revisión conocida como metaanálisis publicada a principios de este año, Dagogo-Jack y sus colegas volvieron a concluir que la mejora del estilo de vida supera a la medicina para revertir la prediabetes.
Plan de acción contra la prediabetes
“El enfoque de primera línea es un intento serio de modificar el estilo de vida”, afirma Dagogo-Jack. “No es una opinión. Es una prueba.”
¿Qué aspectos hay que mejorar en cuanto al estilo de vida?
- Pérdida de peso, si es necesario. Perder solo entre el 5 y el 7% del peso inicial marca la diferencia. (Si tiene un sobrepeso de 150 libras, una pérdida del 5% son sólo 7,5 libras. Con 200 libras, son 10 libras)
- Ejercicio, 30 minutos 5 veces por semana. “Nuestro objetivo es dar entre 8.000 y 10.000 pasos al día”, afirma Dagogo-Jack. Caminar está bien.
- Reduzca su consumo de grasas saturadas, hidratos de carbono y alimentos fritos y grasos.
- Ingiera más verduras, más fibra.
En lugar del enfoque “hágalo usted mismo”, puede inscribirse en un programa de prevención de la diabetes presencial o en línea en el sitio web de los CDC, que retomó el protocolo DPP. El programa dura un año, con reuniones semanales los seis primeros meses y, a continuación, una o dos veces al mes durante los últimos seis meses. Es gratuito o de pago, según el lugar.
Conozca su riesgo, conozca sus datos
La Asociación Americana de la Diabetes ofrece una prueba de riesgo de diabetes de 60 segundos. (Puede recibir los resultados por correo electrónico o verlos inmediatamente)
Una prueba conocida como A1C mide sus niveles de glucosa en sangre, calculando la media de los últimos 2-3 meses y expresándola en porcentaje. Inferior al 5,7% es normal; entre el 5,7 y el 6,5% es prediabetes, y a partir del 6,5% es diabetes.
Recopilar información, motivación
La Clínica Cleveland tiene este explicador, y también estos 9 consejos para evitar que la prediabetes progrese. Su proveedor de atención médica también puede ofrecerle motivación y apoyo.
¿Padece de diabetes y necesita ayuda para pagar los tratamientos de insulina? Consulte la hoja informativa sobre recursos de la Asociación Americana de Diabetes.
Su turno
¿Ha revertido la prediabetes? Adelante, ¡presuma un poco! Comparta su historia en los comentarios.
Kathleen Doheny es una periodista independiente con sede en Los Ángeles, especializada en historias de salud, comportamiento, estado físico y estilo de vida. Además de escribir para Senior Planet, informa para WebMD, Medscape, Psycom.net, Practical Pain Management y otros sitios. Ella es mamá, suegra y una abuela orgullosa y feliz a quien le gusta caminar, trotar y comprar.
Foto de Doheny: Shaun Newton
Este artículo ofrecido por Senior Planet y Older Adults Technology Services es solo para fines informativos y no pretende sustituir el asesoramiento, diagnóstico o tratamiento médico profesional. Siempre consulte el asesoramiento de su médico u otro profesional de la salud calificado con cualquier pregunta que pueda tener con respecto a cualquier condición médica. Si cree que puede tener una emergencia médica, llame al 911 de inmediato.
Foto: FatCamera vía Getty Images
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Stronger Bones
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Morning Stretch
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Virtual Tour: Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Fit Fusion Workout
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Morning Stretch
Morning Stretch
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Introduction to Social Media
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Introduction to Estate Planning Resources & Tools
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Tips for Being News Savvy Online
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Introducción a X, (anteriormente Twitter)
Introducción a X, (anteriormente Twitter)
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Understanding Internet Plans
Understanding Internet Plans
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Taijiquan (Tai Chi)
Taijiquan (Tai Chi)
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Internet of Things: Healthcare
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Job Searching in the Digital Age
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Using Google Docs Templates for Resumes
Using Google Docs Templates for Resumes
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Social Media for Job Searches
Social Media for Job Searches
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Good Morning, Senior Planet!
Good Morning, Senior Planet!
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Introduction to Heart Rate Monitor Apps
Introduction to Heart Rate Monitor Apps
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Functional Strength Training
Functional Strength Training
Use bodyweight, bands, and dumbbells to build your strength.
Fit Fusion Workout
Fit Fusion Workout
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Stronger Bones
Stronger Bones
Activate the joints and muscles and increase mental focus during this exercise class.
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Morning Stretch
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Digital Coupon Tools
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Meal Kit Services
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AI & Disinformation
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Morning Stretch
Morning Stretch
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Intro to Translation Tools
Intro to Translation Tools
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Fit Fusion Workout
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Balance/Strength
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Morning Stretch
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iPhones
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Graphic Design Tools
Graphic Design Tools
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Chair Yoga
Chair Yoga
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Morning Stretch
Morning Stretch
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Internet de las cosas: estilo de vida y entretenimiento
Internet de las cosas: estilo de vida y entretenimiento
¡Descubra cómo el Internet de las cosas está cambiando la industria del entretenimiento!
Virtual Museum Tours
Virtual Museum Tours
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Taijiquan (Tai Chi)
Taijiquan (Tai Chi)
Relax your mind and strengthen your body with this gentle exercise class.
Smartphone Camera Uses Beyond Photography
Smartphone Camera Uses Beyond Photography
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Cloud Storage
Cloud Storage
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Google Workspace
Google Workspace
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Internet of Things at a Glance
Internet of Things at a Glance
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Good Morning, Senior Planet!
Good Morning, Senior Planet!
Start your week off right with a preview of the week's upcoming programs and a guided meditation session!
Morning Stretch
Morning Stretch
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Mobile Health Apps
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Functional Strength Training
Functional Strength Training
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Fit Fusion Workout
Fit Fusion Workout
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Stronger Bones
Stronger Bones
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Morning Stretch
Morning Stretch
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Anti-Virus & Malware Removal Programs At a Glance
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Morning Stretch
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物聯網:智慧城市
物聯網:智慧城市
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Fit Fusion Workout
Fit Fusion Workout
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Internet of Things: Wearables
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Balance/Strength
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Morning Stretch
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Facebook
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Affordable Home Internet
Affordable Home Internet
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Chair Yoga
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Morning Stretch
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YouTube
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Taijiquan (Tai Chi)
Taijiquan (Tai Chi)
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Reddit at a Glance
Reddit at a Glance
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Digital Legacy at a Glance
Digital Legacy at a Glance
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Introduction to Estate Planning Resources & Tools
Introduction to Estate Planning Resources & Tools
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Good Morning, Senior Planet!
Good Morning, Senior Planet!
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Morning Stretch
Morning Stretch
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Fit Fusion Workout
Fit Fusion Workout
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Stronger Bones
Stronger Bones
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Morning Stretch
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Introduction to Booking Vacation Stays Online
Introduction to Booking Vacation Stays Online
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Gardening Tech At a Glance
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物聯網 : 生活方式和娛樂
物聯網 : 生活方式和娛樂
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Fit Fusion Workout
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Smartphones at a Glance
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Balance/Strength
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Morning Stretch
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Intro to Gaming
Intro to Gaming
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Introduction to Nextdoor
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Morning Stretch
Morning Stretch
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Intro to X (formerly Twitter)
Intro to X (formerly Twitter)
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Sitios de viajes en línea
Sitios de viajes en línea
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Taijiquan (Tai Chi)
Taijiquan (Tai Chi)
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iPhones
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Emojis, GIFs, and more!
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Virtual Orientation to Senior Planet
Virtual Orientation to Senior Planet
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Better Balance Boot Camp: Week 4
Better Balance Boot Camp: Week 4
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Death Cafe
Death Cafe
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Stronger Bones
Morning Stretch
Protecting Your Personal Info Online
Introduction to Hosting on Zoom
Chair Yoga
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Virtual Tour: Palma de Mallorca, Spain
Fit Fusion Workout
Google 地圖
Cloud Storage
Balance/Strength
Morning Stretch
Introduction to Social Media
Introduction to Estate Planning Resources & Tools
Tips for Being News Savvy Online
Morning Stretch
Introducción a X, (anteriormente Twitter)
Understanding Internet Plans
Taijiquan (Tai Chi)
Internet of Things: Healthcare
Job Searching in the Digital Age
Using Google Docs Templates for Resumes
Social Media for Job Searches
Good Morning, Senior Planet!
Morning Stretch
Introduction to Heart Rate Monitor Apps
Functional Strength Training
Fit Fusion Workout
Stronger Bones
Morning Stretch
Digital Coupon Tools
Meal Kit Services
AI & Disinformation
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Intro to Translation Tools
Fit Fusion Workout
雲端儲存空間
Telemedicine
Balance/Strength
Morning Stretch
iPhones
Graphic Design Tools
Chair Yoga
Morning Stretch
Internet de las cosas: estilo de vida y entretenimiento
Virtual Museum Tours
Taijiquan (Tai Chi)
Smartphone Camera Uses Beyond Photography
Cloud Storage
Google Workspace
Internet of Things at a Glance
Good Morning, Senior Planet!
Morning Stretch
Mobile Health Apps
Functional Strength Training
Fit Fusion Workout
Stronger Bones
Morning Stretch
Online Shopping
Anti-Virus & Malware Removal Programs At a Glance
AI Image Generators
Morning Stretch
Spotify
物聯網:智慧城市
Fit Fusion Workout
Internet of Things: Wearables
Balance/Strength
Morning Stretch
Facebook
Affordable Home Internet
Chair Yoga
Morning Stretch
YouTube
Compras en línea
Taijiquan (Tai Chi)
Reddit at a Glance
Digital Legacy at a Glance
Introduction to Estate Planning Resources & Tools
Digital Scrapbooking Tools
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Morning Stretch
Functional Strength Training
Intro to Managing Your Privacy
Fit Fusion Workout
Stronger Bones
Morning Stretch
Introduction to Booking Vacation Stays Online
Gardening Tech At a Glance
Chair Yoga
Morning Stretch
物聯網 : 生活方式和娛樂
Fit Fusion Workout
Smartphones at a Glance
Functional Strength Training
Balance/Strength
Morning Stretch
Intro to Gaming
Google Maps
Introduction to Nextdoor
Morning Stretch
Intro to X (formerly Twitter)
Sitios de viajes en línea
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Meetup
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Emojis, GIFs, and more!
Virtual Orientation to Senior Planet
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